llzo neutrons · where the lithium sits from Zakaria Kharbouch's thesis to neutron and synchrotron beam time · Abdessamad Faik (UM6P), Irene Urcelay-Olabarria and Josu M. Igartua (EHU) · November 2026

The fact base

The fact base: 38 compositions

Every number the thesis gives for each composition, one row each, transcribed from Tables III-1, III-S1, III-2, IV-1 and IV-3 of the manuscript of 17 October 2026, with the quantities derived here: the nominal lithium content and vacancies per formula unit, the arithmetic check of each refinement, the \(\mathrm{Li_{2}ZrO_{3}}\) per garnet formula unit. The source is data/compositions.yml, written by analysis/facts.py; this is the table the samples of the proposals are chosen from and the one the beam-time results will be written into.

Ga-M-Ta · Chapter III

Phase fractions in wt% (Table III-S1), calcined powders, 900 °C; density, \(\sigma\) and Eₐ on pellets sintered at 1200 °C (Tables III-1, III-2). Li and Vac.: nominal, per formula unit, M on the La site. Flags: \(\chi^2\) printed against (Rwp/Rexp)² where they differ by more than 15 %; the lattice parameter of Table III-1 where it is not the rounding of Table III-S1. \(\mathrm{Li_{2}ZrO_{3}}\) per garnet formula unit computed from the wt% and the nominal molar masses.

M x Nominal formula Li Vac. a (Å), III-S1 c-LLZO t-LLZO Second phase (wt%) Rwp Rexp \(\chi^2\) ρ (%) \(\sigma\) (mS \(\mathrm{cm}^{-1}\)) Eₐ (eV)
ref. 0 Li6.3Ga0.2La3Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.97735 100 — — 5.25 1.54 5.65 ≠ 11.62 87.6 0.15 0.42
Ba 0.03 Li6.33Ga0.2La2.97Ba0.03Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.33 0.67 12.98148 100 — — 5.18 1.62 12.9 ≠ 10.22 88.5 0.18 0.42
Ba 0.05 Li6.35Ga0.2La2.95Ba0.05Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.35 0.65 12.97843 100 — — 5.82 1.51 11.7 ≠ 14.86 87.9 0.19 0.41
Ba 0.1 Li6.4Ga0.2La2.9Ba0.1Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.4 0.6 12.96941 100 — — 5.91 1.55 14.5 91 0.24 0.38
Ba 0.15 Li6.45Ga0.2La2.85Ba0.15Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.45 0.55 12.97538 95.69 — BaZrO3 4.31 6.32 1.73 13.4 89.9 0.17 0.39
Ba 0.2 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.8Ba0.2Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.5 0.5 12.97817 96.61 — BaZrO3 3.39 5.75 1.5 14.6 90.1 0.14 0.41
Ba 0.3 Li6.6Ga0.2La2.7Ba0.3Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.6 0.4 12.97912 96.24 — BaZrO3 3.76 5.79 1.65 12.3 90.2 0.12 0.41
Rb 0.03 Li6.36Ga0.2La2.97Rb0.03Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.36 0.64 12.98746 81.47 16.26 Li2ZrO3 2.27
0.13 per f.u.
13.3 3.41 15.2 90.1 0.11 0.41
Rb 0.05 Li6.4Ga0.2La2.95Rb0.05Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.4 0.6 12.98962 III-1: 12.989 83.79 16.22 — 6.4 1.21 27.9 88.9 0.059 0.45
Rb 0.1 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.9Rb0.1Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.5 0.5 12.99185 79.28 20.72 — 6.59 1.61 16.9 89.1 0.061 0.46
Rb 0.15 Li6.6Ga0.2La2.85Rb0.15Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.6 0.4 12.99334 III-1: 12.996 88.21 9.98 Li2ZrO3 1.82
0.103 per f.u.
7.72 1.73 19.9 89.2 0.057 0.45
Rb 0.2 Li6.7Ga0.2La2.8Rb0.2Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.7 0.3 13.00058 III-1: 13.000 95.51 3.43 Li2ZrO3 1.05
0.059 per f.u.
6.01 4.48 11.5 ≠ 1.8 89.3 0.076 0.43
Rb 0.3 Li6.9Ga0.2La2.7Rb0.3Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.9 0.1 13.00099 87.92 12.08 — 6.07 1.6 14.5 89.5 0.079 0.41
Y 0.03 Li6.3Ga0.2La2.97Y0.03Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.98339 84.19 11.65 Li2ZrO3 4.16
0.243 per f.u.
6.04 1.61 13.6 91.5 0.14 0.39
Y 0.05 Li6.3Ga0.2La2.95Y0.05Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.98477 III-1: 12.984 93.21 4.07 Li2ZrO3 2.73
0.157 per f.u.
4.77 1.67 8.11 90.8 0.11 0.38
Y 0.1 Li6.3Ga0.2La2.9Y0.1Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.98598 87.73 6.35 Li2ZrO3 5.91
0.35 per f.u.
5.48 1.66 10.8 93.1 0.24 0.38
Y 0.15 Li6.3Ga0.2La2.85Y0.15Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.98466 III-1: 12.984 90.35 4.48 Li2ZrO3 5.17
0.303 per f.u.
4.22 1.71 6.08 90.9 0.63 0.34
Y 0.2 Li6.3Ga0.2La2.8Y0.2Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.99372 82.18 3.58 Li2ZrO3 14.24
0.919 per f.u.
5.45 1.73 9.87 95.3 1.04 0.32
Y 0.3 Li6.3Ga0.2La2.7Y0.3Zr1.9Ta0.1O12 6.3 0.7 12.99365 82.92 8.85 Li2ZrO3 8.23
0.494 per f.u.
5.44 1.64 11 90.5 0.23 0.37

Ga-M-Sc · Chapter IV

Lattice parameters to two decimals (Table IV-1), not re-refined with the Chapter III protocol; no phase fractions are given for this family. \(\sigma\) at room temperature only (Table IV-3); bulk and grain-boundary conductivities resolved for the Y series only.

M x Nominal formula Li Vac. a (Å), IV-1 Phases (Fig. IV-1, §IV.3.1) ρ (%) \(\sigma\)ₜ (mS \(\mathrm{cm}^{-1}\)) \(\sigma\)_b / \(\sigma\)_gb
ref. 0 Li6.5Ga0.2La3Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (text, section IV.3.1) / single cubic (Fig. IV-2a refinement, Table IV-1) 91.2 0.451 —
Ba 0.03 Li6.53Ga0.2La2.97Ba0.03Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.53 0.47 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO 87.6 0.278 —
Ba 0.05 Li6.55Ga0.2La2.95Ba0.05Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.55 0.45 13.06 c-LLZO + t-LLZO 90.8 0.361 —
Ba 0.1 Li6.6Ga0.2La2.9Ba0.1Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.6 0.4 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO + BaZrO3 86.8 0.282 —
Ba 0.15 Li6.65Ga0.2La2.85Ba0.15Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.65 0.35 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO + BaZrO3 84.8 0.189 —
Ba 0.2 Li6.7Ga0.2La2.8Ba0.2Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.7 0.3 13.05 c-LLZO + t-LLZO + BaZrO3 87 0.162 —
Ba 0.3 Li6.8Ga0.2La2.7Ba0.3Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.8 0.2 13.06 c-LLZO + t-LLZO + BaZrO3 85.2 0.137 —
Rb 0.03 Li6.56Ga0.2La2.97Rb0.03Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.56 0.44 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (traces) + Sc2O3 96.2 0.903 —
Rb 0.05 Li6.6Ga0.2La2.95Rb0.05Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.6 0.4 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (traces) + Sc2O3 94.5 0.642 —
Rb 0.1 Li6.7Ga0.2La2.9Rb0.1Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.7 0.3 13.07 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (traces) + Sc2O3 94.3 0.723 —
Rb 0.15 Li6.8Ga0.2La2.85Rb0.15Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.8 0.2 12.99 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (traces) + Sc2O3 91.7 0.377 —
Rb 0.2 Li6.9Ga0.2La2.8Rb0.2Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.9 0.1 13.00 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (traces) + Sc2O3 90.7 0.183 —
Rb 0.3 Li7.1Ga0.2La2.7Rb0.3Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 7.1 -0.1 13.00 c-LLZO + t-LLZO (traces) + Sc2O3 93 0.116 —
Y 0.03 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.97Y0.03Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.05 c-LLZO 76 0.024 0.059 / 0.041
Y 0.05 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.95Y0.05Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.05 c-LLZO 75.2 0.036 0.102 / 0.056
Y 0.1 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.9Y0.1Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.04 c-LLZO 74.3 0.006 0.013 / 0.013
Y 0.15 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.85Y0.15Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.04 c-LLZO + Y2O3 74.7 0.007 0.016 / 0.014
Y 0.2 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.8Y0.2Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.03 c-LLZO + Y2O3 72.8 0.007 0.013 / 0.018
Y 0.3 Li6.5Ga0.2La2.7Y0.3Zr1.9Sc0.1O12 6.5 0.5 13.03 c-LLZO + Y2O3 75.3 0.02 0.08 / 0.027

How to read it

  • Nominal Li assumes M on the La site; Y on the Zr site would add one Li per Y. The vacancies are \(7 - \mathrm{Li}\); the literature's critical value for the cubic garnet is 0.4–0.5 (thesis, p. 63).
  • Past full lithium. Ga–Rb–Sc at x = 0.20 and 0.30 are weighed with 6.9 and 7.1 Li per formula unit: no vacancies left at all, and at x = 0.30 more lithium than fully stuffed LLZO holds. Either part of the Rb or the Li does not enter the garnet, or it is tetragonal; the thesis sees only traces of tetragonal garnet. The measured Li content (G02) and the Rb on the La site (G06) will say which.
  • Two families, two footings. The Ga–M–Ta lattice parameters come from the V4.0 refinements with all phases; the Ga–M–Sc ones from the earlier protocol, two decimals, 0.06–0.09 Å higher. Compare within a family, not across.
  • Powders and pellets. The structural columns are for calcined powders, the density and conductivity columns for sintered pellets.
  • Where the beam time will add columns: refined Li per formula unit and its distribution (12a, 12b, 48e), Ga and Al on 12a, Ba or Rb or Y on the La site, Y on the Zr site, the acentric distortion, phase fractions of pellets, ICP composition, H content, all with esd.