Selected ionic properties of the rare-earth elements [72].
| Lanthanide ion | 4 f^{n} | g.s. | S | L | J | g | \mu_{\text {Ln }} |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \mathrm{La}^{3+}, \mathrm{Ce}^{4+} | 4 f^{0} | { }^{1} \mathrm{~S}_{0} | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| \mathrm{Ca}^{3+}, \mathrm{Pr}^{4+} | 4 f^{1} | { }^{2} \mathrm{~F}_{5 / 2} | 1/2 | 3 | 5/2 | 6/7 | 2.54 |
| \mathrm{Pr}^{3+} | 4 f^{2} | { }^{3} \mathrm{H}_{4} | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4/5 | 3.58 |
| \mathrm{Nd}^{3+} | 4 f^{3} | { }^{4} \mathrm{H}_{9 / 2} | 3/2 | 6 | 9/2 | 8/11 | 3.62 |
| \mathrm{Pm}^{3+} | 4 f^{4} | { }^{5} \mathrm{I}_{4} | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3/5 | 2.68 |
| \mathrm{Sm}^{3+} | 4 f^{5} | { }^{6} \mathrm{H}_{5 / 2} | 5/2 | 5 | 5/2 | 2/7 | 0.845 |
| \mathrm{Eu}^{3+}, \mathrm{Sm}^{2+} | 4 f^{6} | { }^{7} \mathrm{~F}_{0} | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| \mathrm{Gd}^{3+}, \mathrm{Eu}^{2+}, \mathrm{Tb}^{4+} | 4 f^{7} | { }^{8} \mathrm{~S}_{7 / 2} | 7/2 | 0 | 7/2 | 2 | 7.94 |
| \mathrm{Tb}^{3+} | 4 f^{8} | { }^{7} \mathrm{~F}_{6} | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3/2 | 9.72 |
| \mathrm{Dy}^{3+} | 4 f^{9} | { }^{6} \mathrm{H}_{15 / 2} | 5/2 | 5 | 15/2 | 4/3 | 10.63 |
| \mathrm{Ho}^{3+} | 4 f^{1} 0 | { }^{5} \mathrm{I}_{8} | 2 | 6 | 8 | 5/4 | 10.58 |
| \mathrm{Er}^{3+} | 4 f^{1} 1 | { }^{4} \mathrm{I}_{15 / 2} | 3/2 | 6 | 15/2 | 6/5 | 9.59 |
| \mathrm{Tm}^{3+} | 4 f^{1} 2 | { }^{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} | 1 | 5 | 6 | 7/6 | 7.55 |
| \mathrm{Yb}^{3+} | 4 f^{1} 3 | { }^{2} \mathrm{~F}_{7 / 2} | 1/2 | 3 | 7/2 | 8/7 | 4.54 |
| \mathrm{Lu}^{3+}, \mathrm{Yb}^{2+} | 4 f^{1} 4 | { }^{1} \mathrm{~S}_{0} | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |